Democracy Erodes From Top To Bottom

 From all indications, it is obvious that democracy erodes from the top to bottom, a phenomenon where the very foundations of democratic systems are undermined by those in position of power who, by right, are supposed to protect it. This erosion is often driven by leaders who use their authority to manipulate institutions, laws, and information to consolidate power and suppress political dissents. For example, in Hungary, Victor Orban's Government was accused of dismantling democratic checks and balances, manipulating the media, and restricting civil liberties, exemplifying how leaders can erode democratic norms from the top. 

The role of elites in democratic erosion cannot be over-emphasized. Elected officials and appointed ones, executives, legislators, and judiciary -- may use their power and influence to alter the laws , institutions, and norms in ways that favour them and undermine democracy. This can include manipulating laws and institutions to extend their term limits, restrict opposition groups, or curtail civil liberties, or clamp down on the media and effect their immediate detention arbitrarily. For example, in some countries, ambitious political leaders have amended their constitutions to suit and allow them to serve more years than originally permitted and stipulated by the constitution, effectively turning themselves into de facto autocrats. Additionally, governments can manipulate the media to shape public opinion, suppress dissenting voices, and create a narrative that supports their selfish agenda. This control over information can make it difficult for citizens to access unbiased news, further eroding democratic processes. 

As democracy erodes from the top to bottom, institutions that are meant to hold power abusers accountable may begin to falter and cringe with trepidation. An independent judiciary is crucial for ensuring the rule of law and protecting individual's rights. However, when leaders manipulate or exert pressure on the judiciary, it can bend and compromise the democratic system's integrity. Most times, the judiciary is bribed to act according to the dictates of the executive. Furthermore, restrictions on civil freedoms, such as freedom of speech or expression, assembly, association, worship (religion), movement, and the right to life, own lands, assets, and properties are fundamental to a healthy democracy. When leaders restrict these freedoms, it undermines citizens' rights and abilities to participate in the democratic process. Free and fair election is the cornerstone of democracy, but when leaders manipulate electoral laws, practices, processes, or outcomes, it can lead to a loss of trust in the system and consequently undermine its legitimacy. Once the fundamentals of healthy democracy is lacking, authoritarianism and tyranny shall become rampant. For example, Presidents Mobutu Seseko of Congo (Zaire), Gnassingbe Eyadema of Togo, and Paul Biya of Cameroun are examples of African leaders who flawed democracy and altered constitutions to extend their rules. Here is a brief overview of them:

1. Mobutu Seseko (Congo):

Mobutu seized power in Congo through a CIA-backed coup in 1965 and established a one-party State, consolidating his power through violence, arbitrary killings, cunningness, and massive misappropriation of public resources. He changed his country's name from Congo to Zaire and implemented a new constitution that granted him extensive powers, and was re-elected multiple times under a system that ensured his victory. Mobutu's rule was marked by widespread human rights' abuses, corruption, and economic mismanagement. He ruled Congo for 32 years (1965-1997). He was overthrown by Laurent-Desire Kabila in 1997. 

2. Gnassingbe Eyadema (Togo):

Gnassingbe Eyadema ruled Togo for 38 years, from 1967 till his death in 2005. He came to power through a coup and maintained his rule through authoritative means.

3. Paul Biya (Cameroun):

Paul Biya has been ruling Cameroun since 1982, making his tenure over 41 years. Initially, he took over Cameroun after the resignation of Ahmadou Ahidjo and has since maintained the government till today at ripe old age.

These leaders demonstrated remarkable longevity in power, often using authoritarian tactics and manipulation to maintain control.

The erosion of democracy from the top to down has significant corollary for citizens and society as a whole. When democratic institutions are weakened, citizens may lose their trust in government, face reduced freedoms, and experience increased inequality. Democratic erosion can lead to increased polarization, social unrest, and even violence. In extreme cases, it can result in the complete collapse of democratic systems, leading to authoritative rule. 

To reverse democratic erosion, it is essential to address the root causes of the problems. Strengthening institutions, such as independent judiciary and electoral commissions is crucial for upholding democratic norms and preventing abuse of power. Promoting civic engagement through education and awareness can foster decision-making. Supporting independent media is also vital, as it plays a critical role in holding governments accountable and providing citizens with accurate information. 

In conclusion, democracy erodes from top to bottom when leaders use their power to manipulate institutions, laws, and information. To prevent this erosion, it is essential to strengthen democratic institutions, promote civic engagement, and support independent media. By working together, citizens can help protect democracy and ensure that power remains accountable to the people. As former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo once noted, "Democracy dies when citizens lose faith in it, when leaders abandon integrity, and when institutions succumb to capture. But, democracy can be renewed when citizens rise to defend it."

Please, kindly share this post with your friends and loved ones. Thank you very much.